![James Turrell next to his vintage Helio Courier]()
James Turrell next to his vintage Helio Courier
It takes a great artist to have three independently organized major museum shows running concurrently across America. Our congratulations go to James Turrell, the 70-year-old American artist who has made a career on his experimentation with light. 2013 is certainly his year, with a retrospective organized at Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and smaller, independently organized shows at Houston’s Museum of Fine Arts and New York’s Guggenheim.
The 70-year-old American artist, pilot and rancher is one of the most multifaceted artists of our time. In the 1960s Turrell introduced an art that was not an object but an experience in perception, and he did this by manipulating light rather than paint or sculptural material. He was able to create some of the most beautiful art, treating light as a material presence in perfectly calculated installations where viewers are invited to investigate ideas of perception, passage of time and in artist’s words; to enter the light. His works became so popular that throughout his career, he has traveled around the world, making installations everywhere from Korea to Mexico, Japan, and Australia.
![James Turrell, "Afrum I (White)" 1967 Projected light, dimensions variable. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York]()
James Turrell, “Afrum I (White)” 1967
Projected light, dimensions variable. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
As Turrell’s installations require an understanding of precise calculations and psychology, it does not come as a surprise that he studied psychology and mathematics before getting is Masters in Art. In 1966, he began experimenting with natural and artificial light pieces in a former hotel in Santa Monica. Both the Guggenheim and LACMA exhibitions include pieces from this early period. Guggenheim shows “Afrum I (White)” 1967 which is part of their permanent collection, while “Afrum (White)” 1966 is at LACMA (which was acquired by the museum in 2008) In both works, the artist creates an illusion of a glowing cube in the corner of a room.
Speaking of Turrell, Guggenheim’s renowned curator Carmen Gimenez writes how he “transports us to the exterior of our interior … to explore that bottomless well that spans our lowest depths and greatest heights” For the Guggenheim show, Gimenez selected five pieces from different periods of the artist’s career, including a new work, “Aten Reign” 2013 dominating the museum’s infamous rotunda. This is the largest temporary installation taken both for Turrell and the museum. During a 60-minute cycle, “Aten Reign” moves seamlessly and seductively across the color spectrum. Interestingly, the best moments are those with the least color, when the lights are primarily white or shut off as it is at this moment the work is illuminated only by daylight from the rotunda skylight, creating a magical view.
![Many colors of "Aton Reign" 2013]()
Many colors of “Aton Reign” 2013
What is great about the Guggenheim show is the way its curators have really taken on Turrell’s word that light and space are his materials. So we have the entire rotunda galleries standing empty and spare, allowing the audience to immerse in the pieces. The only other exhibition on view at the Guggenheim is “New Harmony: Abstraction Between the Wars, 1919-1939″ a selection from the museum’s collection that is beautifully paired with Turrell.
Turrell’s magically beautiful installations give the audience heightened sensory experience of seeing yourself see, especially his famous skyscape pieces. These are small spaces with large, open to the sky apertures and walls lined with tilted benches. One skyscape is included in the exhibition, and you don’t have to travel too far to see another one: One of Turrell’s skyscapes “Meeting” 1986 is constructed at MoMa PS1′s top floor. They were so successful amongst audiences that collectors have been commissioned Turrell to make skyscapes for their private residencies. Aided by artificial lighting, these works encourage contemplation of the changing subtleties of sky and light and their spiritual implications.
“My art deals with light itself. It’s not the bearer of the revelation—it is the revelation.” James Turrell
From New York to Los Angeles: the Turrell retrospective at LACMA with nearly 50 pieces examines artist’s life-long production and includes extensive documentation of his on-going project “Roden Crater,” an extinct volcano in the Northern Arizona desert that the artist began working on in 1979. Turrell has spent great sums of money and time over decades to converting this space into an elaborate observatory with tunnels, rooms, and skyscapes — still remains unfinished after more than 30 years!
Similar to “Aten Reign” 2013, LACMA also includes a more recent work by the artist acquired by the museum, “Breathing Light” 2013, a walk-in environment reached by climbing an imposing stairway and flooded with indescribable colors.
!["Breathing Lights (2013)"]()
“Breathing Lights” 2013
The show at MFA Houston, on the other hand, is a display of various Turrell works from the museum’s extensive permanent holdings. It opened just before the Guggenheim show, and will be on until 22nd of September. Turrell mania has also spread over to Las Vegas with “Akhob” installed at the top floor of the largest Louis Vuitton store in North America.
To truly understand Turrell’s work, reading and looking at images will not suffice. You must visit one of these exhibitions, taking your time experiencing his installations at first hand as Turrell plays with our perception of reality. To achieve this, he draws inspiration equally from the realms of art, architecture, and science: “We all have prejudice perception—perception that we’ve learned,” Turrell says. “I like to tweak that a little bit.”